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So you've gotten your pathology results back and your cholesterol is high. What do you do? Contrary to popular belief, cholesterol may not be the best test for predictor of cardiovascular disease. There are 3 myths surrounding cholesterol: Total Cholesterol has no value in predicting heart disease. Cholesterol is the firefighter trying to put out the fire (inflammation in your body) LDL cholesterol isn't always 'bad cholesterol' HDL cholesterol isn't always 'good cholesterol Elevated Triglycerides, from excess consumption of carbohydrate, sugars and alcohol, is the real marker to watch. Triglycerides, along with glucose monitoring markers are now known as the greatest blood predictors of Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome and more. Cholesterol & Triglycerides Management Explained Cholesterol & Triglyceride management in the body is very regulated as will be explained. It's when the regulatory processes don't function because they're overwhelmed that we have a problem. What overwhelms them? Let's look at the process, and define the roles of some of the test markers, to find out. Fun fact: Vitamin E relies on the same transport system we will discuss. If this system is shut down with medication, our ability to utilise Vitamin E to protect against oxidative stress is hindered! Dietary fats (lipids) include anything fatty that we've eaten, including foods containing cholesterol, triglycerides, fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A,E,D,K) and more. Most cholesterol (75%) is not obtained from our foods , but generated from our bodies as will be discussed below. ApoLipoproteins Are proteins that form part of the 'protective coat' that surrounds dietary fats to enable them to be water soluble. Phospholipids are the other part of the coat. ApoLipoprotein components, which will be discussed below, include: ApoA1 - includes HDL ApoB - includes Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, Lp(a) LipoProteins Lipoproteins = Dietary Lipids + Apolipoproteins (This is the reason why we need to be fasting, so we don't include lipids from our food in our test results). Total cholesterol is the sum of all the Apolipoproteins, plus any dietary fat if we haven't fasted. It is not a very specific marker of what is going on in our bodies. The conversion of dietary fat to Triglycerides and Cholesterol Image source When we eat dietary fats, they get transported to the small intestine. As they are fatty, in a watery environment, they need help to become water soluble. This is where Lipoproteins come in. They join on to the dietary fat. Their jobs are to enable the dietary fats to become water soluble, and to enable triglycerides to be liberated for the body's energy needs. Chylomicrons Chylomicrons from the cells of the small intestine are initially involved, immediately after we've eaten. Chylomicrons, are mostly triglycerides, and get absorbed into our lymphatic system and then into our bloodstream, and their job is to deliver broken down triglycerides (fatty acids and glycerol) from the food we've just eaten. Some of the triglyceride components (fatty acids) get delivered to our muscle cells (for use when we are active), or to our fat cells that get reassembled back into triglycerides (if we are inactive). This is a major reason why going for a walk after we've eaten is so valuable, so we help the lymphatic system . To reassemble into triglycerides, the body needs carbohydrates, or alcohol. This is why people with diets high in either carbohydrates or alcohol can have high triglyceride levels , which is a negative indicator for cardiovascular health. VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoproteins) Leftover remnants of chylomicrons, mostly triglycerides once again, are taken to the liver and incorporated into VLDL whose job is to dispense any further triglyceride out to the cells of the body. IDL (Intermediate Density Lipoprotein) VLDL becomes IDL and squeezes any residual triglyceride out. It is equally high in triglyceride and cholesterol. LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) These LDL carrier molecules are getting smaller as the triglyceride is now removed, and we are left with mostly cholesterol. Cholesterol has many important jobs. It is the precursor to our sex hormones (Oestrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone), Cortisol, Vitamin D, Bile Salt production, and is important for maintaining all our cell membranes. It's not necessarily the nasty we have heard it is. It is LDL's job to deliver the cholesterol to our body sites that need it. Though not a regular test request, Oxidised LDL is the marker to measure if we are concerned about levels of LDL in the body, as the Oxidised LDL is the real nasty. LDL subfractions can also be tested to make sure you have large bouyant LDL particles and not small, dense atherogenic particles. Lp(a) Consists of an LDL molecule bound to an ApoLipoprotein component, with a strong genetic component to its levels. HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) HDL molecules are made in the Liver and Gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They are mostly protein and their job is to pick up any excess cholesterol not needed for our sex hormone production, cortisol production, Vitamin D, Bile salts and cell membranes, and return it to the liver for detoxification and removal from the body via Bile in our Faeces. This is another reason why all our detoxification pathways must work efficiently. As cholesterol is needed for cortisol production, we can see why elevated total cholesterol levels can occur when we are stressed. Having discussed all the various components of cholesterol, clinically, it has not been shown that improving cholesterol markers improves cardiovascular risk. Other markers have been determined as better to review. These include triglycerides, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, Homocysteine, Liver Function Tests (ALT & GGT), Uric acid, and then looking at the gold star radiology method - Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) discussed below. Glucose, Insulin, HbA1c, and Homocysteine are discussed in separate blogs: Metabolic Syndrome Homocysteine - the Canary in the Mine Triglycerides Elevated triglycerides alert us about the potential for delayed removal of pro inflammation from our cell walls. This is what we need to watch. Coronary Artery Calcium Score The risk of cardiovascular disease is about the risk of plaques in our blood vessel walls. This test measures the amount of calcified plaque in our heart arteries, which may lead to thinning of the blood vessel lumen, shortness of breath (oxygen), as an estimate of the future risk of a heart attack. If you are concerned, this is definitely a test to request from your G.P. Lipid Test Markers Functional Reference Ranges Test Marker Comments Total Cholesterol Familial Hyperlipidaemia, a genetic condition, can see very high results Triglycerides Review for diet, lifestyle when results are high HDL Desirable to be elevated, however too high along with too low is not necessarily good. ​Triglycerides: HDL Ratio ​Seen as a better predictor of heart disease LDL Too low is not necessarily good either Apo B The protein carrier of the combination of Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL and LDL Apo A-1 The protein carrier of HDL Apo B: Apo A1 Ratio We want more Apo A1 than Apo B Table: highlighting optimal reference ranges for Lipid testing What are the real culprits of cardiovascular disease? The real culprits of heart disease, include excess triglycerides, excess fibrinogen, elevated homocysteine, inflammation from increased belly fat, high triglyceride to HDL ratio, and high glycaemic levels (discussed in another blog). Strategies to improve Cardiovascular Risk The primary goal is to get Triglycerides <1 for absolute optimal health. Keep alert when values rise above that Losing weight - will lower triglycerides, and lower LDL levels Increasing exercise - will increase HDL levels Decrease belly fat will come from taking a walk every day Reduce alcohol intake to special occasions Stopping smoking if that is a factor Reduce inflammation in your body with a holistic health focus Eating more plant based foods so your plate is 2/3 plant based foods to 1/3 animal based foods Eating less sugar, and simple carbohydrates that are heavily processed, and eating more fibre (complex carbohydrates). Take note that the Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) poses thrombotic risks in those women who are overweight. Improve Thyroid function. Overt Hypothyroidism increases Cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides. Overt Hyperthyroidism decreases those markers. Why does this happen? We need good levels of FT3 for Bile Flow to clear cholesterol. Cholesterol is also needed for Bile Salts. The Goldilocks effect once again. Discuss your circumstances with a qualified Naturopath, to obtain nutritional information, along with herbs and supplements that can help. Sitting is the new smoking! Why? Lymphatic clearance is needed at the very beginning of the process . Movement is needed for lymphatic clearance. Daily bowel movements are needed as cholesterol is removed via bile in our faeces. Liver detoxification needs to work well, so it's broken down into bile, and not reabsorbed. We need to burn up what we eat. So we need to move our bodies, and not sit all day. Special note for Menopause Typically in menopause, Cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides all increase, while HDL decreases. If you would like to discuss your personal circumstances, or have your pathology results reviewed in line with your current situation, feel free to make a booking with me on the bookings tab on my website. Sign Up for Further Educational Material If you would like to make sure you don't miss a Blog update from me, or would like to receive more information in the form of upcoming e-Books and Online courses, then please subscribe to my mailing list at the bottom of the Blog front page. References: Lipid transport, storage and utilisation High Circulating Triglycerides Are Most Commonly a Marker of Ectopic Fat Accumulation: Connecting the Clues to Advance Lifestyle Interventions (AHA) Nutrition Cardiologist opinion ARTICLE/CONTENT DISCLAIMER The information provided in this blog/article/handout is for your personal or other non-commercial, educational purposes. It should not be considered as medical or professional advice. We recommend you consult with a GP or other healthcare professional before taking or omitting to take any action based on this blog/article/handout. While the author uses best endeavours to provide accurate and true content, the author makes no guarantees or promises and assumes no liability regarding the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information presented. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this blog/article/handout are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this blog/article/handout is done at your own risk. Any third-party materials or content of any third-party site referenced in this blog/article/handout do not necessarily reflect the author’s opinion, standards or policies and the author does not assume any liability for them whatsoever.

The numbers of cases of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is increasing globally. What are the underlying causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders? Are the symptoms that have been known for some time, actually now considered to be the cause ? What can be done to help? Worldwide, there has been a massive increase in the number of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses. In 1980 it was estimated that 1:10,000 births would result in an autistic child, however latest data shows that to be 1:36 births. Even worse for Australians, is that Australia is the global leader with the rapid increase in numbers of ASD births. At the same time, the statistics for asthma, food allergies, autoimmune diseases are also rising in a similar trajectory. What is going on, how is our modern lifestyle impacting this rise, and how can we help those affected by the disorder, or wanting to prevent this in their offspring? Before we uncover what is known today about the underlying causes, and ways to assist, we should start with a definition of autism. Definition of Autism The Diagnostic and Statistical Handbook of Mental Health, now on version 5 and known as DSM-5 , states that an autism diagnosis requires persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following deficits in: social-emotional reciprocity in nonverbal communicative behaviours used for social interaction in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships Genetic and Environmental Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Image source Are Autism Symptoms actually the Cause of Autism? It is known today that biochemical reasons are the underlying explanation as to the casue of the rise in autism cases worldwide. Triggers , result in biochemical disruptions , that result in health issues . What was once considered symptoms of Autism, is now accepted as causes of Autism, and our modern lifestyle is to blame. Autism Triggers include: Toxins whether they be from inside our bodies (endotoxins) or from outside our bodies (exotoxins) Depleted nutrition (from diet or from issues with our bodies biochemical pathways) Excess antibiotic use and the impact that has on our gut microbiome A reduction in social interaction The increase in electromagnetic frequency (EMF) impact from mobile phone use Biochemical Disruptions include: Methylation changes Gut microbiome changes Immune activation (when not required) Brain inflammation Disruption of the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) Autonomic Nervous System Imbalance, like blood pressure and pulse rate increases Mitochondrial Dysfunction from the Cell Danger Response Resultant Health Issues: Autism ADHD Autoimmune Disease Asthma Allergies Anxiety Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Obesity Biochemical Disruptions Associated With Autism 1. Methylation Methylation, or the addition of a -CH3 molecule to chemicals in our biochemical pathways, can turn on, or off, the proteins it gets added to (like our genes, hormones, and enzymes). This is known as epigenetically impacting how our body works. This is all driven by the nutrients from our diet (or supplements). Methylation reactions in our bodies are vital for life. Upregulating or downregulating can occur in ASD cases and we can see that by measuring various test analytes in the methylation cycle using specific functional tests. Methylation Cycle with markers low and high in Autism Spectrum Disorders Image source Inadequate methylation can lead to: Mental health issues - autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression Histamine issues - with the worst case scenario being Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) Cancer - cancer promotor genes can be silenced by methylation, and DNA repaired. Recurrent miscarriages Breakdown of our hormones (oestrogen) Liver detoxification issues (Methylation is part of our Phase II Detoxification process) Migraines Circulation problems Inflammation and toxicity increases Midline body issues like tongue tie, and lip-tie Outside of a healthy balanced diet, supplementation, in activated forms, may be required to alter methylation in a favourable way for Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Protein (methionine, creatine, choline), and N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). This can assist with symptoms. As well, we can favourably alter genetic predisposition with healthy methylation. 2. Gut Health It has been recognised since 1943 that gut health is a recognised issue in autism, with up to four times the likelihood of constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, leading to irritability, hyperactivity and social withdrawal. Genetic sequencing of gut microbes highlights generally an: Increase in Clostridia species that causes autism-like symptoms A reduction in Akkermansia that can lead to Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity and Diabetes A reduction in Bifidophilus that can cause immune dysfunction Healthy beneficial bacteria promote the formation of good immune balance by our regulating T cells (TReg's). Unhealthy bacteria promote alterations in our immune system function: Inflammation Allergies Autoimmunity Food insensitivities As well as microbiome changes, there is impairment in intestinal permeability and gut barrier protection. We need to let in nutrients, short chain fatty acids, and neurotransmitters, but prevent entry of immune cells, cytokines and antibodies. We need healthy levels of secretory IgA (sIgA), and tight junctions between intestinal cells. Medications, antibiotics, toxins, stress, dietary habits, systemic inflammation, metabolic disorders, pathogens and dysbiosis can all impact on the semi-permeability of the gut. The brain is also impacted by the Gut-Brain-Immune imbalance. Altering our diet can have a positive impact. 3. Mitochondria Toxicity Chronic inflammation, toxicity, chronic infections all cause 'signals' to be generated in our bodies that trigger the Cell Danger Response. Through this, our cells stop communicating with each other to prevent the 'signal' being passed on. This can result in: Mitochondrial signs - weakness, fatigue easily, floppy baby, poor muscle tone Glutathione, our body's major antioxidant being used up very quickly leading to the risk of multiple disorders. Nutrients that disrupt the 'signaling' process may be beneficial. We need to clear and open Liver Detoxification Pathways to adequately deal with the levels of toxins never seen in the world before. The vitamins B2, B3, B6, Folate, B12, and flavanoids, glycine, taurine, glutamine, methionine, glutathione, phospholipids are all required to enable safe and effective removal of toxins via our faeces and urine, else toxins accumulate in our bodies. We can help remove potential reabsorption via our enterohepatic circulation with the use of binders, that block the reabsorption of bile and the recirculation of toxins. Ensuring our detoxification pathways are open and clear can have positive impacts. 4. Cerebral Folate Deficiency Cerebral Folate Deficiency is where the folate that we eat, can't be received in the brain (the folate receptor is blocked by an auto-antibody). This may be medically treated with high dose folate in a certain format. 5. Neuroinflammation Neuroinflammation lies at the heart of autism with the majority of patients. Inflammation activates the Cell Danger Response, which results in inflammation in the brain, that disrupts signaling for speech and awareness. Correcting inflammation and calming down our overactive immune system can assist with this. What Can Be Done To Help? 1. Functional Testing There are some wonderful functional test kits available to help determine the status of someone with autism. They include: Faecal Microbiome testing to determine what the status of the gut microbiome looks like Urine Organic Acids Test to help understand how well methylation is working, levels of Clostridia, candida, mould, oxalates, impacts on neurotransmitters, oxidative stress from low glutathione etc 2. Nutrition and Lifestyle Help Nutrition and lifestyle changes can have positive impacts on someone living with autism. Dietary changes by choosing Gluten free, Casein free (from dairy) foods, no processed foods, with no colourings, no additives, no flavourings, are the quickest way to alter the gut microbiome quickly, and to balance the immune dysfunction. Eating a wide diversity of food types which can often be difficult to do in autism cases, so supplementation may be required. This enables optimal methylation. Ensure adequate fibre through the use of prebiotics. This promotes the feeding of beneficial bacteria. Keeping a calm, predictable environment, with minimal screen time. Diaphragmatic breathing to calm the nervous system. If you would like to get Faecal Gut Microbiome and/or Urinary Organic Acids testing performed for your autism investigations, or discuss your associated concerns, then please don't hesitate to make a booking with me. Sign Up for Further Educational Material If you would like to make sure you don't miss a Blog update from me, or would like to receive more information in the form of upcoming e-Books and Online courses, then please subscribe to my mailing list at the bottom of the Blog front page. References: DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Medical Academy of Paediatric Special Needs Methylation 101 Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenesis, Biomarker, and Intervention Therapy World Health Organisation: Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile phones ARTICLE/CONTENT DISCLAIMER The information provided in this blog/article/handout is for your personal or other non-commercial, educational purposes. It should not be considered as medical or professional advice. We recommend you consult with a GP or other healthcare professional before taking or omitting to take any action based on this blog/article/handout. While the author uses best endeavours to provide accurate and true content, the author makes no guarantees or promises and assumes no liability regarding the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information presented. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this blog/article/handout are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this blog/article/handout is done at your own risk. Any third-party materials or content of any third-party site referenced in this blog/article/handout do not necessarily reflect the author’s opinion, standards or policies and the author does not assume any liability for them whatsoever.

What is ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and what is the link with the neurotransmitter dopamine? How do our mobile phones impact in a negative way? What is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder seen with issues around focus, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It has also be known as ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). It is characterised by issues in controlling attention and impulsivity to the point where it impacts someone's life. The manual 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)' is used for diagnosis. One of the first signs may be when a child has difficulty focusing on one task and shifts between multiple projects with an inability to sit still for long. Young boys can often be seen as being inattentive, while young girls can be overlooked and seen as being overly emotional, having anxiety, or lacking in effort. Adults can present differently in comparison, where the ability to sit still may actually now be present, but the mind can flit between many thoughts and ideas at a rapid pace. Dysfunctional strategies like alcohol, drugs, food etc may be used as compensatory mechanisms to help with problems associated with the confusing emotions. What is Dopamine? Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that serves as a chemical messenger and either upregulates or downregulates our emotional responses, our motivation, and our feelings of rewards and pleasure. It keeps us alert, focused, motivated and happy. The biochemical pathway for dopamine can 'run fast' or 'run slow' according to enzymes that break down the neurotransmitter. Dopamine also works in conjunction with other neurotransmitters and not in isolation. Negative feelings associated with the 'spikes' and then the 'crashes' of dopamine can be seen when: Phone scrolling is not enjoyable but you feel compelled to do it You feel down and unmotivated You struggle to enjoy life's simple pleasures e.g. nature on a walk You consume a lot of caffeine or sugar Life has lost its spark Our phones are the modern-day hypodermic needle delivering dopamine 24/7 The mind of someone with ADHD can appear to be overwhelmed Image source What is ADHD and the Dopamine Link? It appears that in ADHD there are lower levels of the neurotransmitter Dopamine. Issues associated with this are: Reward System Dysregulation Where the 'long-term' value is difficult for people with ADHD to embrace. This is in contrast to instant gratification where you 'want the fix.' You may begin projects, or jobs with 'gusto' but lose interest when the rewards aren't there. The brain has an altered reward system so it struggles to stay motivated when there isn't an immediate reward. Attention Regulation Difficulties The neurotransmitter, Dopamine, plays a key role in attention and our ability to focus. When there is less dopamine, the brain struggles to prioritise, which can lead to concentration difficulties when sustained attention is required. Other more competing stimuli intrude and take precedence, which makes the required task seem uninspiring and difficult to complete. Projects therefore become difficult to start and end. Impulsivity Low dopamine levels can likely lead to a compensatory effect where reward stimulation is sought to counteract the deficit. This can lead to the all familiar 'doom scrolling' on social media, impulsive spending, high-risk activity seeking, high-sugar food consumption etc that all stem from a lack of neurotransmitter balance. What contributes to ADHD? Dopamine - levels of dopamine, as well as dopamine receptors, and the breakdown pathways of dopamine (needing COMT), may all be involved. Environment - exposure to lead and pesticides Genetics - studies show ADHD is strongly inherited As discussed, dopamine is broken down by an enzyme called COMT (catechol-o-methyltransferase), that requires good methylation from good nutrition. Variants of COMT can result in how quickly or slowly dopamine is broken down. Too fast, leads to feelings of: Being unmotivated Reduced alertness Difficulty concentrating Lack of motivation Poor coordination Movement difficulties Inability to feel pleasure As an aside, some serious implications involved with a lack of dopamine include, Parkinson's Disease, and depression. Too slow, leads to feelings associated with: Dopamine build up like anxiety, poor sleep, super stressed, irritability. High levels of dopamine can make people feel very euphoric momentarily. Addictive drugs can increase dopamine and be a reason why individuals begin experimenting with them. Other addictions can also be used in a similar sense. What can be done to help those with ADHD symptoms? Focus on activities that promote a steady, sustained increase in dopamine levels. Good nutrition to drive biochemical pathways for balanced neurotransmitters. This may require supplementation, in particular with activated Vitamin B6 and Magnesium. ( Please note: see a Naturopath for guidance of dosing especially with Vitamin B6 as incorrect dosing can cause harm to the body). Moderate exercise Sunlight exposure Listening to relaxing music Cold showers Getting enough sleep with a good sleep routine Consuming tyrosine-rich foods. Tyrosine is the precursor to dopamine. Foods include: bananas, almonds, avocadoes, eggs, beans, fish, chicken etc Spend time in nature Explore hobbies and interests Surround yourself with great people Establish boundaries on quick dopamine fixes Limit time spent on social media 'doom scrolling' Reduce caffeine Set spending limits on binges Have a 'no phone' rule during mealtimes and designated work times What are the differences between ADHD and Autism? There are striking differences between ADHD and Autism signs, though they can co-exist in an individual. ADHD Autism Need work flexibility Need work routine and structure Impulsive Doesn't like change Easily bored Easily overstimulated Craves social interactions Finds social interactions uncomfortable Has poor time management Sets schedules with good time management Delves into a lot of different interests Has a strong passion for certain interests Table highlighting the differences between ADHD and Autism If you would like to discuss your concerns, and put plans in place to support balancing your neurotransmitters, then please don't hesitate to make a booking with me. Sign Up for Further Educational Material If you would like to make sure you don't miss a Blog update from me, or would like to receive more information in the form of upcoming e-Books and Online courses, then please subscribe to my mailing list at the bottom of the Blog front page. References: Improvement of Neuro-behaviour with supplementation B6 Deficiency and ADHD What is ADHD? Dopamine Function in the Brain ARTICLE/CONTENT DISCLAIMER The information provided in this blog/article/handout is for your personal or other non-commercial, educational purposes. It should not be considered as medical or professional advice. We recommend you consult with a GP or other healthcare professional before taking or omitting to take any action based on this blog/article/handout. While the author uses best endeavours to provide accurate and true content, the author makes no guarantees or promises and assumes no liability regarding the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information presented. The information, opinions, and recommendations presented in this blog/article/handout are for general information only and any reliance on the information provided in this blog/article/handout is done at your own risk. Any third-party materials or content of any third-party site referenced in this blog/article/handout do not necessarily reflect the author’s opinion, standards or policies and the author does not assume any liability for them whatsoever.

Be the healthy person you want to be! Kim Atherton, a Clinical Naturopath at m-pATH Naturopathy will help you with your health & pathology questions. Be The Healthy Person You Want To Be! Imagine a world where you have the knowledge to steer your health in the direction you want. Imagine being able to understand the subtle messages your body is telling you, and importantly how to rebalance them before illness sets in. As a Clinical Naturopath, Nutritionist and Biomedical Scientist, I will bring my holistic knowledge to your consultations to address your health concerns to empower you to be the person you want to be . I will enable you to take back y our health in your hands! Find Out How - Book Now Book an appointment and find out how I can assist you with your health issues. Be the person you want to be by taking your health in your hands! I welcome the opportunity to work with you. Your Health in Your Hands My name is Kim Atherton, the owner of m-pATH Naturopathy. I am an accredited Clinical Naturopath and Clinical Nutritionist along with a Biomedical Scientist having spent over 35 years in the pathology industry. As such, I bring a biomedical and scientific approach to my consultations. Clients often ask me if I have a specialty 'niche' area that I focus on. I focus on the whole body. What is often not understood is that the body operates as one, and not as separate systems. Focusing on a niche area means often not getting to the root cause which is what I focus on and why I have success in helping clients. Where is a Naturopath near me you ask? My online services mean I can help clients from any location. My unique qualifications of Biomedical Science, Clinical Naturopathy and Clinical Nutrition mean I can help you in a truly holistic way, and ensure your pathology results are explained! Be the person you want to be by taking your health in your hands! I will help you understand the clues your body is giving you, and importantly how you can address that change. My focus is on empowering you with the knowledge to understand your concerns. If you want your pathology results explained along with more extensive functional pathology tests, then book in for an appointment! Be the person you want to be! About Kim Review my Educational Blogs Highly Recommend!!! After an extended period of illness and burnout, I reached out to Kim Atherton because she was not only a naturopath but a holistic practitioner with a biomedical education. I was hesitant initially as she is an exclusively telehealth practitioner (and I prefer in person appointments) however I never have felt that it has effected the quality of our appointments but has made them more convenient to attend. I knew that I was putting my health in the hands of a highly informed professional from the first interaction. Her intake process was thorough. Her manner was empathetic and warm. After diagnostic testing and treatment my health physically and mentally has completely turned around. I am sure that without Kim's extensive scientific knowledge and skill, that I would not be in the excellent position I am today. Kim was very considerate of potential financial limitations, always responded in a timely manner and created meticulous treatment plans after every encounter so I knew the next steps to take. I have and will continue to recommend her to anyone seeking to improve overall health and wellbeing. MM, Sydney Available Health Services Clinical Naturopathy Holistic disease prevention through natural remedies allowing the body to gently heal and nourish itself. Clinical Nutrition Nutritional guidance to improve your health goals, based on current health related circumstances. Homeopathy Activating the body's natural defences with small doses of "like with like" healing mixtures. Includes Bach Flowers . Iridology Understanding your body's unique heredity and hence your body's unique potential health strengths and weaknesses. Book Now What Health Concerns do you see a Naturopath for? Many issues including bloating, acne, weight control issues, blood sugar dysregulation, menstrual issues, skin issues, gout, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, flatulence, high cholesterol, blood pressure concerns, irregular periods, painful periods, libido concerns, preconception care, post-natal care, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), fertility concerns, autoimmune concerns, addictions, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), anaemia, nutritional concerns, heavy metal toxicity, histamine intolerance, methylation issues, fatty liver, menopause and perimenopause symptoms, if you need help to lower oestrogen and improve progesterone, deal with androgen issues, stress, and so much more. I can order general and specialised pathology testing, gut microbiome and SIBO testing, hormone testing, organic acid testing, genetic testing including MTHFR, and so much more! As well, I will ensure your pathology results are explained and well understood! My Vision for Your Health Imagine a place where any person seeking answers to their health concerns can understand the underlying cause, and be empowered with knowledge, choice, and natural healthcare options to rectify that pathway. Empowering people through knowledge can achieve that, and I dream of being one of those people that can change the history of proactive healthcare through empowerment and education. Be the person you want to be by taking your health in your hands! Book Now In the spirit of reconciliation, Kim Atherton from m-pATH Naturopathy acknowledges the Traditional Custodians and Traditional Healers of country throughout Australia and their connections to land, sea and community. I pay my respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today.

Book now! Accredited Clinical Naturopath and Nutritionist. Be the person you want to be. Get your pathology results explained. Your health - in your hands! Welcome! Hello! My name is Kim Atherton from m-pATH Naturopathy (pictured here with my husband). I am a Clinical Naturopath, Clinical Nutritionist and Biomedical Scientist. I have always been interested in the science behind health since I was a teenager. I studied Biomedical Science at university and have worked in the pathology industry since 1986. It has seemed to me over the years that early signs of poor health are often missed, and things that feel not quite right - tiredness, stress, weight issues, menstrual issues, pain, emotional changes, bowel issues, skin issues can often be overlooked for what the body is trying to tell us. Hence my studies in Clinical Naturopathy and Clinical Nutrition. As a mature aged consultant, I also bring my plentiful life experiences (I'm still on my own health journey), along with my scientific knowledge and intimate understanding of the usefulness of pathology and functional testing to truly understand what's going on at an early stage. Not everything requires testing, but if it does I have the expertise to interpret and provide guidance on how best to assist. If you would like to speak about any health concerns you have, please feel free to reach out. I'd love to hear from you. My goal is to empower you to understand what your body is telling you, ensure your pathology results are explained, and to empower you to address the changes you need. Be the person you want to be by taking your health in your hands. I look forward to working with you! Kim x Book Now m-pATH Naturopathy m-pATH Naturopathy bore its name through a journey of serendipity from discussion with my family. The word serendipity has always meant so much to me as everything in my life that has been good, has been stumbled upon by accident. The same is true for my journey into natural health and my business and its name. m-pATH – is for Empathy which is the non-judgemental, supportive emotion I bring to every client consultation. m – is for Empowering which is how I help educate and train you in simple, understandable language that helps you take control of your own health journey. m is also for MTHFR which is the genetic variant I have that explained so many life circumstances I had experienced. Importantly, I now know how to work with this gene and many hundreds of others, via the process of nutrigenomics. This is using nutrition from food and supplements, herbs and homeopathy to optimise my health and that of my family, and yours! pATH – is for Pathology which is where I have spent my entire career spanning over 35 years and is the expertise I bring to all my consultations. pATH – is also for the pathway or health journey we are all on and which I would be happy to assist you with. ATH – is for Atherton which is my family name and my family (my husband, two daughters and our lovely dog Lola) mean the world to me. m – is for Metabolic Pathways and the deep knowledge of these biochemical pathways and how the smallest changes can alter them positively (or if ignored, negatively). I bring this deep knowledge to share with you in your consultation, and ensure your pathology results are explained. The curved m design is ‘organic’ in nature reflecting the organic nature of the healing process, as well as resembling a heart which reflects what I bring to every consultation. What makes me even prouder of my business name is that it is fully branded by my daughter, Ella. Why so many beach scenes? I grew up on the beach, and if you've ever known how good a swim is in the ocean, you are beginning to understand the power of one of our most essentials minerals - Magnesium - a mineral that is so helpful for us, yet nearly all of us are deficient in. Let me help you understand more. Find Out How - Book Now My Qualifications Bachelor of Applied Science - Biomedical Science My interest in Biomedical Science began in high school when I completed an assignment on anaemia. Little would I know that in my 50's I would still be endeavouring to understand the complex, many causes behind anaemia - which is not as straight forward as my Biomedical Science training had me understand, or that you could imagine! I decided back then that a career in Biomedical Science was my calling. I have worked in many fields of pathology over the past 35 years, both in the laboratory and commercially. It has always been the clinical science that has fascinated me. AdvDip. Clinical Naturopathy AdvDip. Clinical Nutrition AdvDip. Western Herbal Medicine Associate Fellowship of Advanced Homeopathy AdvDip. Integrative Natural Health My qualifications in Clinical Naturopathy, Clinical Nutrition, Western Herbal Medicine, Integrative Natural Health and Homeopathy enable me to help clients understand the progressive nature of declining health. We are generally not 'healthy', then suddenly 'unhealthy'. There is a continuum and our bodies give us messages. Little 'niggles' that we know aren't quite right. This is the gap where I can help you understand what is going on, and provide guidance on how you can turn that around. Dip. Marketing Dip. Business Management Dip. Finance Dip. Financial Markets Over the years I have gained qualifications in business, marketing and finance as I have always thought that one day I would start my own business that would help others gain knowledge off the back of my many decades of learning. Learning is what I love to do, and arming you with that knowledge would give me such joy. Here we are with m-pATH Naturopathy, and here we are that you've found me. I am ready to empower you to be the person you want to be . Are you ready to take back your health in your hands? Read my Educational Blogs Interested in my help? Book in for an Initial Consultation with me. You'll then receive a comprehensive questionnaire to complete prior to our appointment. This saves time and money, and enables a quicker determination about what is going on with you! Be the person you want to be by taking your health in your hands by having your pathology results explained! Book an Initial Consultation

This page describes the terms and conditions of working with m-pATH Naturopathy reflecting the partnership contract you will have working together with Kim. Terms and Conditions of Sale with m-pATH Naturopathy Last updated 1st January 2023 These terms and conditions (“Ts&Cs”) are a contract between you and the person identified as “We, us, our” in the Schedule (“we”, “us”, “our”). If you are under the age of 18, a parent or guardian must read and agree to these Ts&Cs for you and a reference to “you” means you and your parent/guardian, as applicable. These Ts&Cs apply when you buy products and/or services from us. Please read them carefully together with any other rules or guidelines that are posted onto our Website or otherwise notified to you from time to time. These Ts&Cs and the rules/guidelines are together referred to as the “Terms”. 1. YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES 1.1 What you must do: We require you to: (a) be on time for your consultations; (b) be courteous and respectful at all times; (c) complete any intake and follow up documentation we require and provide accurate and complete information about yourself (or your child if you are a parent or legal guardian completing information on behalf of your child) and update that information as required, in particular ensure you advise us of all current medical conditions, any known allergies, food intolerances, any medications or supplements you are currently taking and any change in dosage during the period you receive products and services from us, if you have recently received a vaccine or booster, if you are vegan or vegetarian (as some products are derived from animal origins), if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or trying to conceive and anything else that may be relevant for us to know when providing Products and Services to you; (d) comply with any health and safety rules and guidelines required by us from time to time; (e) deal with us in good faith; (f) comply with all applicable laws and these Terms. 1.2 Where you are based overseas. Where you are based outside of Australia, it is your responsibility to ensure that the Products and Services ordered by you can be ordered, imported and used in the territory where you are based. We will not be responsible for any orders being confiscated or otherwise not being permitted to be provided to you as a result of the local laws in your area. 1.3 Refusal to service. If you don’t comply with these Terms, we may at our sole discretion, cease providing Products and Services to you. 2. FEES AND PAYMENT TERMS 2.1 Orders subject to availability. All orders placed are subject to our acceptance and product availability. A contract for sale is only formed once we accept your order. 2.2 Orders placed with third party suppliers. We are not responsible for any orders placed with third party suppliers e.g., vital.ly, Ariya, Oborne Health Suppliers etc. If you purchase from third party suppliers, you agree to comply with any terms and conditions of those parties and the applicable laws. 2.3 Fees. The fees for our Products and Services are as set out on the Website (if applicable) or otherwise provided by us in writing from time to time. All fees are quoted in Australian dollars. Where GST is payable, it will be added to the applicable fee. We reserve the right to change our fees at any time upon notice to you. If you are based outside of Australia, you are responsible for all customs and import taxes and duties imposed on your orders. 2.4 Payment. Our payment terms vary, depending on the Products or Services that your buy. You agree to pay for the Products and Services in accordance with the relevant payment terms notified to you from time to time. 3. WARRANTIES 3.1 Notification of issues with Products. If there are any issues with your order (e.g. shortages, damage or wrong products have been delivered): (a) Products purchased from us. You must notify us within 7 (seven) days of delivery. You can notify us at the address or by the method set out in the Schedule. Please include (i) proof of purchase; (ii) full details of the issue, and any other relevant documentation reasonably requested by us. If Products need to be returned, you will pay the cost of transport and insurance of the products to and from us. (b) Products purchased from a third party. You should contact the third party directly. 3.2 No limitation on your statutory rights. Subject to clause 3.4 (Consumer Guarantees), we make no express warranties or representations other than as set out in this clause 3 and we exclude all liability to you. Nothing in the Terms excludes, restricts or modifies any terms, conditions or warranties that are imposed or implied by law. Limitations and exclusions are made only to the extent that we may legally do so. 3.3 Delivery and risk. Delivery of the Products to a carrier is deemed to be delivery of the Products to you. Risk in the Products transfer to you once we deliver the Products to the carrier. 3.4 Consumer guarantees. Our Products and Services come with guarantees that cannot be excluded under the ACL. For major failures, you are entitled: (a) to cancel your service contract with us; and (b) to a refund for the unused portion, or to compensation for its reduced value. You are also entitled to choose a refund or replacement for major failures with the Products. If a failure with the Products or a Service does not amount to a major failure, you are entitled to have the failure rectified in a reasonable time. If this is not done you are entitled to a refund for the Products and to cancel the contract for the Service and obtain a refund of any unused portion. You are also entitled to be compensated for any other reasonably foreseeable loss or damage from a failure in the Products or Service. The benefits of this warranty are in addition to any rights and remedies available at law. Our liability to you is limited to the options set out in this clause 3. 3.5 Refunds. We will only refund an order placed if we can’t fill it, if we think it’s reasonable to do so, or otherwise as agreed in writing. Please choose carefully, as refunds are not available if you simply change your mind. 3.6 Warranty. Subject to clauses 3.2 (No limitation on your statutory rights), 3.3 (Consumer guarantees) and 3.7 (Limitation of liability) we warrant that the Services will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and, in the case of Products, up to the expiry or best before date indicated on such goods (if any) (“Warranty Period”). 3.7 No liability for allergies and reactions. Some of the Products may contain ingredients that are derived directly from nuts or otherwise contain potential allergens or ingredients that you may react to (e.g. gluten, dairy etc). Some herbs or other ingredients may be contraindicated with certain conditions including during pregnancy. It is your responsibility to read through the ingredients list prior to purchase of the Product and to contact us if you are unsure whether a Product is right for you. If you buy a Product and have a reaction to it, please discontinue use and contact us. You agree that we will not be held liable for allergic or adverse reactions and that we do not exchange or refund on the basis of allergic or adverse reactions to Products. 3.8 Limitation of liability. If our Products and Services fail to comply with the warranties set out in this clause 3 and where this is with respect to any goods and a warranty claim is made within the Warranty Period, our liability is limited to (at our sole discretion): (a) in the case of goods, replacing the goods or supplying equivalent goods; (b) in the case of services, supplying the services again or paying the cost of supplying the services again. 3.9 When we will not accept returns. Subject to clause 3.2 (No limitation on your statutory rights), this warranty will not apply and we will not accept goods for return: (i) where the goods have not been stored or used in an appropriate manner; (ii) where the goods have been altered in any way; (iii) where the goods are not in their original condition and packaging; (iv) where you have failed to follow any instructions or guidelines provided by us or on the packaging; (v) if the goods have continued to be used after any defect becomes apparent or would have become apparent to a reasonably prudent user; or (vi) due to any accident or Force Majeure. 3.10 Product descriptions are not warranties. Product descriptions are for the sole purpose of identifying products. They do not constitute a warranty. 3.11 No guarantee of outcomes. Health and wellness results vary depending on your personal health situation, your environment and other factors. Therefore, we do not make any representations or warranties as to results or outcomes (including, for example, cure of a particular disease or resolution of any symptom or condition etc.) as a result of using our Products and Services and/or following our advice or recommendations. 3.12 Consequential Loss. We are not liable for any Consequential Loss suffered by any person. 3.13 Your liability. You agree that if you breach these Terms, or any liabilities are incurred by us arising out of your use of the Products and Services, you will be responsible for the costs and expenses that we and our Associates incur as a result of the breach, including reasonable legal fees (if applicable). Furthermore, we are not liable for any information, on our Website or elsewhere, being inaccurate, incomplete or not up-to-date; any breach by you of these Terms; any misuse of the Products or Services or any breach of other laws by you. 4. INTELLECUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 4.1 Intellectual Property. Unless otherwise indicated, as between you and us, we own all right, title and interest (including Intellectual Property Rights) in any information provided to you in the delivery of our Products and Services. Your use of our Products and Services, and your submission of personal information to us, including your health information, does not grant or transfer to you any rights in our Products or Services. 5. CONFIDENTIALITY 5.1 Confidentiality. Your use of the Products and Services is for personal purposes only. You agree not to distribute, publish, duplicate, copy, create, sell or share portions of the Products or Services, use the Products or Services for any commercial purposes or for your own financial gain. You also understand that certain Products and Services (for example e-books or other educational materials written by us) may contain information deemed as confidential by us and you agree to not disclose this information without our permission and written consent (which may be withheld in our absolute discretion). We note, this limitation does not include sharing details of our Products and Services, recommendations or test results with your primary care physician or other relevant healthcare providers, which we recommend that you do. 6. DISPUTE RESOLUTION 6.1 Disputes. You agree to co-operate with us (at your own expense) in the handling of disputes, complaints, investigations or litigation that arise as a result of your use of our Products and Services including disputes, complaints, investigations or litigation that arises out of or relates to incorrect information you have given us. 7. GENERAL 7.1 Disclaimer. Nothing in this disclaimer will limit or exclude any liability that may not be limited or excluded by applicable law. Any information or guidance provided by us is given within the scope of our expertise and is not intended to be a substitute for the consultation, diagnosis, and/or medical treatment of your doctor. You are strongly advised not to delay seeking medical advice, disregard medical advice or discontinue medical treatment because of the information or guidance we provide you with. We encourage you to discuss any recommendations or guidance we give you with your doctor and any other healthcare professionals you choose to see for your health. Ultimately you are responsible for any decisions you make regarding your health. We therefore expressly disclaim all responsibility and will have no liability for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered by you or any third party because of your reliance on any information or guidance we provide you with. If you have any specific questions or concerns about any medical matter, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible. If you think you may be suffering from any medical condition, you should seek immediate medical attention from your doctor. 7.2 Privacy. We collect, hold and store your personal information in accordance with our privacy policy. A copy of our privacy policy can be found on our Website or directly from us. 7.3 Force majeure. Neither Party will be liable to the other for any failure to perform its obligations under these Terms where such failure or delay is caused by events beyond its reasonable control, including epidemics, pandemic, quarantine, biological contamination, entry and exit restrictions, industrial disputes, strikes, lockouts, lockdowns, acts of god, acts or threats of terrorism or war (“Force Majeure”) provided such failure or delay could not have been prevented by reasonable precautions or could not have reasonably been circumvented by the non-performing Party by means of alternate sources, workarounds or by using its best endeavours. However, the foregoing does not apply if the Force Majeure event is caused by a breach of the Terms by the non-performing Party. If an event of Force Majeure occurs, we may suspend or terminate an order or booking by written notice to you. 7.4 Exclusion of the Vienna Sales Convention. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods concluded in Vienna, Austria on 11 April 1980 does not apply to the Terms or to any individual contract of sale concluded within the framework of the Terms. 7.5 Entire agreement. The Terms contain the entire understanding between the Parties concerning its subject matter and supersedes all prior communications. 7.6 Governing law. These Terms are governed by, and will be construed in accordance with the laws of state or territory listed in the Schedule. The Parties agree to irrevocably and unconditionally submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of that state/territory, and courts hearing appeals from those courts. 8. DEFINITIONS 8.1 Definitions In these Terms: ACL means the Australian Consumer Law Schedule of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth). Associate in relation to a Party, means the employees, officers, directors, contractors, and agents of that Party. Business Day means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a public holiday in the capital city identified in the Schedule. Consequential Loss means, without limitation, indirect, consequential or remote loss or damage; special, punitive or exemplary damages, loss of profit, revenue, business opportunity, goodwill or reputation and any other special loss or damage. Consumer has the definition given to it in the ACL. Corporations Act means the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Fee means the amount payable by you to us for our Products and Services. Force Majeure has the meaning given in clause 7.1 (Force Majeure). GST means the Goods and Services Tax as defined under the A New Tax system (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 (Cth). Intellectual Property Rights means all intellectual and industrial property or protected rights, including copyright, moral rights, patents, trade marks, trade names, confidential information, know-how, trade secrets, registered or unregistered designs, database rights and domain names, whether or not any of them is registered and including applications for registration of any such thing now or in the future in force and effect worldwide. Minimum Notice means a minimum notice required to cancel a consultation booking, as set out in the Schedule. Privacy Policy means our privacy policy set out on our Website from time to time. Products means products made available for purchase by us (whether in our clinic or online) and/or via third party health suppliers such as vital.ly, Oborne Health Supplies, Ariya: (a) remedies and treatments which may include herbal medicine, practitioner-only supplements, retail supplements, homeopathic preparations, nutraceuticals and tonics; (b) skincare, beauty products and cosmetics; (c) baby and pregnancy related goods; (d) meal plans; (d) household products and cleaning products; (e) food and beverage products; (c) educational products which may include e-books, books, and online courses and programs; (d) gift cards. and other associated health and wellness products made available by us from time to time. Services means any health and wellness services provided by us from time to time including consultations with a practitioner, functional and other health and wellness testing, provision of personalized treatment plans, recipes, oral and written advice and recommendations, formulation and provision of personalized remedies, provision of health and wellness related courses and programs. Warranty Period has the meaning given in clause 3.5 (Warranty). Website means our website, from time to time. 8.2 Interpretation. In these Terms, unless the context requires otherwise: (a) a word that is derived from a defined word has a corresponding meaning; (b) neither this agreement nor any part of it is to be construed against a party on the basis that the party or its lawyers were responsible for drafting it; (c) a reference to these Terms or any other agreement includes any variation, novation, supplementation or replacement of it; (d) headings are for convenience only; (e) the phrase include or similar phrases does not limit what else might be included; (f) a reference to any legislation or provision of legislation includes all amendments, consolidations or replacements and all regulations or instruments issued under it from time to time; (g) a reference to “law” means all laws in force from time to time; (h) a reference to dollars or $ is to an amount in Australian currency; (i) the singular includes the plural and vice versa; (k) “in writing” includes any modes of reproducing words in legible and non-transitory form including by email and other electronic means. SCHEDULE – KEY DETAILS Name: m-pATH Naturopathy ABN: 37766974525 Address: P.O. Box 289, Pennant Hills, NSW, 1715 Contact: Kim Atherton, 0457 285 524, kim@m-pathnaturopathy.com.au Contact details for orders and warranty claims Clause 3.1 Kim Atherton, 0457 285 524, kim@m-pathnaturopathy.com.au Governing law & jurisdiction Clause 7.6 New South Wales Business Day Clause 8.1 Sydney Minimum Notice Clause 1(c), Attachment B 24 hours ATTACHMENT A – PRODUCTS The following terms apply to your purchase of our Products: (a) Orders. You can order products during your consultation. (b) Practitioner-only products and herbal medicines. In order to access and purchase practitioner-only Products, you will require a Consultation with one of our practitioners prior to purchase. (c) Delivery. Products that you order will be delivered to the address you provide in your order. (d) Delivery dates are estimates. We rely on third parties to deliver Products to you. This means that any period or date for delivery of the Products by us is an estimate only. We will use our best endeavours to meet any estimated dates for delivery of the Products but will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by you or any third party for failure to meet such date. (e) Product Recalls: In the event that a Product is recalled, you will have a new product issued to you as soon as possible or you will be refunded for that Product. This situation is rare but can happen and we will contact you immediately to cease the consumption of the specific Product. ATTACHMENT B – SERVICES 1. CONSULTATIONS The following terms apply when you book a consultation with us: (a) Booking a consultation. You can book a consultation by calling or emailing us, booking via our website and social media platforms, or booking in person while attending our clinic. Consultations are only available a Zoom call. (b) Fees. All bookings must be paid for in advance. (c) Cancellation by you. We understand things come up and sometimes you need to cancel or reschedule your consultation. Cancellation of consultations made with less than the Minimum Notice, or failure to attend a scheduled Consultation, will result in a charge of 50% of the Fee. [ (d) Cancellations by us. If we are unable to attend a consultation, we will notify you in writing. We will refund any monies paid upfront by you for the consultation. We are not liable for any loss or damage whatsoever arising from the cancellation. (e) Refunds. We appreciate your consideration of our time and will express the same consideration for yours, so where you cancel a consultation and have given at least the Minimum Notice of we will provide a full refund of any Fees that have been paid upfront for the consultation. 2. TESTING The following terms apply when you order a test with us: (a) No liability. You will be advised whether testing will occur onsite at our clinic or off-site by third party providers. We are not responsible for the accuracy of any tests. (b) Collection of DNA samples for testing: where you have ordered a test that requires a DNA sample (i.e., hair sample, saliva, or blood), you authorise us, where required, to collect, handle and process those DNA samples for testing including sending to third party laboratories or organisations for testing. You acknowledge that DNA samples will not be returned to you. 3. PACKAGE AND PROGRAMS The following terms apply when you order a package or program from us: (a) Cancellation. Once your order is confirmed and payment is made, packages and programs cannot be cancelled, and refunds will not be offered. Return to Home Page